- Election
Observation - Human Rights
About EHRO
CURRICULUM 2006.
Literature marked with *** must be bought/ordered from a bookstore. The remainder is
published in a compendium included in the course fee and is handed out to the student at the first seminar
1 Principles for election observation
- democracy
- human rights
- ethics
***Eric Bjornlund (2004) Beyond Free and Fair Elections: Monitoring Elections and Building Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Andreassen, Bård-Anders (1993): Hva er internasjonal valgobservasjon?
Om regimeovergang, observasjon og verifikasjon. Mennesker og rettigheter,
volume 11 nr 1 (10 pages)
Carothers , Thomas (1997): The Rise of election Monitoring. The
Observers Observed. Journal of Democracy Vol 8 No 3 (14 pages)
Elklit, Jørgen & Svenson Palle (1996): When are elections Free
and Fair - or At Least Acceptable? Paper prepared for the workshop on
"Democratisation: The status of Today's Empirical Theory" Nordic political
Science Triennal Meeting, Helsinki, Finland (15 pages).
Elklit, Jørgen (1994): Is the Degree of Electoral Democracy Measurable?
Experiences from Bulgaria, Kenya, Latvia, Mongolia, and Nepal. In: Defining
and measuring Democracy. Beetham, D.(ed) Sage, London s 89-111 (22 pages).
2 Election systems and models ·
- election systems
- election laws
Urwin, Derek (1997): Electoral System, Rapport nr 1 fra Institutt
for Sammenliknende Politikk, Universitetet i Bergen (38 pages)
International Crisis Group (1998): "Changing the logic of Bosnian
Politics: ICG Discussion Paper on Electoral Reform." Brussels, ICG (21
pages)
LeDuc, L & Niemi, R & Norris P (1996): Comparing Democracies. Elections
and Voting in Global perspective. (Ch. 1, Ch. 2 - 83 pages)
3 Culture
Literature (248 pages)
Abbink, Jon and Hesseling, Gerti (2000): Election Observation and Democratization in Africa Macmillian Press LTD, Bassingstoke: Introduction, ch 1,2,3,4 and 11 (114 pages).
Mitchell, A Seligson & John A. Booth (1995): Elections and Democracy
in Central America, Revisited. The University of North Caroline Press
(40 pages)
Howard, A. E. Dick (1995): Constitutuons and Constitutionalism
in Central and Eastern Europe. OSCE ODIHR Bulletin Vol 2 No 1 (8 pages)
4 Methodology
- IDEA
- FN
- OSCE
- Reports from conducted observations
Enhancing the effectiveness of the principle of periodic and genuine
elections. Report of the UN General Secretary to the General Assembly
(nr A/49/675) november 1994 (24 pages)
Loyd Helen (rapporteur): The Election Framework for Co-Operation
Document. OSCE ODIHR Bulletin Vol 4 No 3 (5 pages).
Nevitte, Neil & Canton, Santiago A (1997): The Rise of election
Monitoring. The Role of Domestic Observers. Journal of Democracy Vol 8
No 3 (14 pages)
Svåsand, J Elklit, K Frigaard, C-G Gustafsson, Aa Hylland (1995):
Report on 'improvement of the electoral process' in Zambia. Report to
the IMR after the 1993 Zambian elections 1993 (23 pages).
Aarebrot, Frank (1992): Working papers on Electoral Observation
by the Department of Domparative Politics, the University of Bergen, Norway.
Commissioned by the International Helsinki Federation, Vienna 1990-91
(25 pages).
Guidelines for Reviewing a Legal Framework for Elections (2001), OSCE, Warsaw (38 pages).
Vollan, Kåre (2005): Observing Electronic Voting, NORDEM Report 15/2005, Oslo (35 pages).
5 Statutes
IDEA ·
OSSE
ODIHR ·
The Norwegian Helsinki Committee
Literature (99 pages)
Ethical and Professional Observation of Elections. Code of Conduct.
IDEA 1997 (27 pages)
The OSCE ODIHR Election Observation Handbook (28 pages)
An Election Observers Manual. OSCE International Secrétariat (19
pages)
Manual for Election Observation. The Norwegian Helsinki Committee/Norwegian
Institute for Human Rights 1994 (25 pages)
Handbook for European Union Election Observation Missions. Sida
The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Editor: Anders Eriksson (114 pages)
6 Recommended reading
Kumar, Krishna (1998): Postconflict Elections, Democratization & International Assistance. Lynne Rienner, Boulder.
Media coverage of the elections in Serbia. Peliminary report of
the European Institute for the Media, Susseldorf, 21 september 1997.
Overå, O & Dalbakk, S & Pavestad J (1997): Valglovgivningen. Valg
til Storting, Fylkesting, Kommunestyre og Sameting. Kommuneforlaget, Oslo
OSCE manuals for the 1996 Bosnia Herzegovina election count (59 pages).
***Gloppen, Siri & Rakner Lise (1993): Human Rights and development.
The Discourse in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Report nr 3, Chr.
Michelsen Institute, Bergen Norway (Ch. 2, Ch 4 - 27 pages)
***Tronvoll, Kjetil & Aadland Øyvind (1995): The Process of Democratisation
in Etiopia - An expression of popular participation or political Resistance?
Norewegian Institute of Human Rights, Oslo (78 pages).
Development by
